The Renaissance of the 12th century was a period of many changes during the High Middle Ages. It included social, political and economic transformations, and an intellectual revitalization of Europe with strong philosophical and scientific roots. These changes paved the way to later achievements such as the literary and artistic movement of the Italian Renaissance in the 15th century and the scientific developments of the 17th century.

Charles H. Haskins, was the first historian to write extensively about a renaissance that ushered in the High Middle Ages starting about 1070.

CONTENTS:

1. THE HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
2. INTELLECTUAL CENTRES
3. BOOKS AND LIBRARIES
4. THE REVIVAL OF THE LATIN CLASSICS
5. THE LATIN LANGUAGE
6. LATIN POETRY
7. THE REVIVAL OF JURISPRUDENCE
8. HISTORICAL WRITING
9. THE TRANSLATORS FROM GREEK AND ARABIC
10. THE REVIVAL OF SCIENCE
11. THE REVIVAL OF PHILOSOPHY
12. THE BEGINNINGS OF UNIVERSITIES